linux安装samba搭建smb服务器

发表于： 2018-02-24 2019-05-17
分类： Ubuntu Server

2018/3/2更新，samba要求绑定的系统用户必须存在密码，否则登陆时提示账户密码错误，即useradd添加系统账户后要passwd设定系统登陆密码（即使该用户已被设为nologin）。

前提是搭在linux的ftp先下载再上传不支持实时编辑简直反人类
NAS很诱人，然而看到freenas11的requires a 64-bit CPU and a minimum of 8GB RAM，差点吓死，作罢
继续搞我的ubuntu server,协议就smb喽
安装就用自带的apt好了
(btw,update后顺手upgrade了一下，更新了内核，崩了…这一拖拖了一个阳历年233)
(PS.为了易于记录，系统已sudo -i,自认是个坏习惯，可根据需要适当改为sudo…)

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
apt-get install samba
samba -V

apt-get update

apt-get upgrade

apt-get install samba

samba -V

版本是4.3.11-Ubuntu
开始配置

vim /etc/samba/smb.conf<code>

1	vim /etc/samba/smb.conf<code>

贴一下默认配置文件全文

#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
# - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
# differs from the default Samba behaviour
# - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
# behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
# enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic
# errors.

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
workgroup = WORKGROUP

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
# wins support = no

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
; wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
dns proxy = no

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
; interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself. However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
; bind interfaces only = yes

#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
# syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d

####### Authentication #######

# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller".
#
# Most people will want "standalone sever" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.
server role = standalone server

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.
passdb backend = tdbsam

obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

#
# The following settings only takes effect if 'server role = primary
# classic domain controller', 'server role = backup domain controller'
# or 'domain logons' is set
#

# It specifies the location of the user's
# profile directory from the client point of view) The following
# required a [profiles] share to be setup on the samba server (see
# below)
; logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
# logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
; logon drive = H:
# logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
; logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe. The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the
# SAMR RPC pipe.
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
; include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
; idmap uid = 10000-20000
; idmap gid = 10000-20000
; template shell = /bin/bash

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
; usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
usershare allow guests = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)
# to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each
# user's home directory as \\server\username
;[homes]
; comment = Home Directories
; browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
; read only = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
; create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
; directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# Un-comment the following parameter to make sure that only "username"
# can connect to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
; valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
;[netlogon]
; comment = Network Logon Service
; path = /home/samba/netlogon
; guest ok = yes
; read only = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
; comment = Users profiles
; path = /home/samba/profiles
; guest ok = no
; browseable = no
; create mask = 0600
; directory mask = 0700

[printers]
comment = All Printers
browseable = no
path = /var/spool/samba
printable = yes
guest ok = no
read only = yes
create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/printers
browseable = yes
read only = yes
guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
; write list = root, @lpadmin

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# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.

# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the

# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed

# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which

# are not shown in this example

# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as

# commented-out examples in this file.

# - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting

# differs from the default Samba behaviour

# - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default

# behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important

# enough to be mentioned here

# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command

# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic

# errors.

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of

workgroup = WORKGROUP

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field

server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:

# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server

# wins support = no

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client

# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both

; wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.

dns proxy = no

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to

# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;

# interface names are normally preferred

; interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the

# 'interfaces' option above to use this.

# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is

# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself. However, this

# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.

; bind interfaces only = yes

#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine

# that connects

log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).

max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following

# parameter to 'yes'.

# syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything

# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log

# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.

syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace

panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d

####### Authentication #######

# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible

# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary

# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active

# directory domain controller".

# Most people will want "standalone sever" or "member server".

# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first

# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a

# new domain.

server role = standalone server

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what

# password database type you are using.

passdb backend = tdbsam

obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix

# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the

# passdb is changed.

unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following

# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for

# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).

passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u

passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes

# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in

# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.

pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped

# to anonymous connections

map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

# The following settings only takes effect if 'server role = primary

# classic domain controller', 'server role = backup domain controller'

# or 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the location of the user's

# profile directory from the client point of view) The following

# required a [profiles] share to be setup on the samba server (see

# below)

; logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U

# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory

# (this is Samba's default)

# logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client

# point of view)

; logon drive = H:

# logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored

# in the [netlogon] share

# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention

; logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR

# RPC pipe. The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix

# password; please adapt to your needs

; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the

# SAMR RPC pipe.

# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system

; add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR

# RPC pipe.

; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration

# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name

# of the machine that is connecting

; include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges

# for something else.)

; idmap uid = 10000-20000

; idmap gid = 10000-20000

; template shell = /bin/bash

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders

# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.

; usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create

# public shares, not just authenticated ones

usershare allow guests = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)

# to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each

# user's home directory as \\server\username

;[homes]

; comment = Home Directories

; browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the

# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.

; read only = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to

# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.

; create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to

# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.

; directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone

# with access to the samba server.

# Un-comment the following parameter to make sure that only "username"

# can connect to \\server\username

# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes

; valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons

# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)

;[netlogon]

; comment = Network Logon Service

; path = /home/samba/netlogon

; guest ok = yes

; read only = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store

# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)

# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)

# The path below should be writable by all users so that their

# profile directory may be created the first time they log on

;[profiles]

; comment = Users profiles

; path = /home/samba/profiles

; guest ok = no

; browseable = no

; create mask = 0600

; directory mask = 0700

[printers]

comment = All Printers

browseable = no

path = /var/spool/samba

printable = yes

guest ok = no

read only = yes

create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable

# printer drivers

[print$]

comment = Printer Drivers

path = /var/lib/samba/printers

browseable = yes

read only = yes

guest ok = no

# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.

# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your

# admin users are members of.

# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions

# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it

; write list = root, @lpadmin

因为考虑到安全性和与Proftpd的一致性，此处使用虚拟用户，需要在[global]下添加

username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

1	username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

另外出于全面考量，添加对编码的设置

dos charset = CP936
unix charset = GB18030
display charset = GB18030

dos charset = CP936

unix charset = GB18030

display charset = GB18030

随后可以到

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

1	#======================= Share Definitions =======================

开始定义共享文件夹，默认开启了打印机共享
[printers][print$]
仿照示例设置自己共享文件夹

[smb]
#[]内内容决定了共享文件夹名称，在稍后连接时路径要一致，如//service/smb
comment = Ubuntu Samba
path = /home/smb
#注意确认路径正确存在
browseable = no
#设定共享文件夹是否可以被发现，no时需通过地址访问
guest ok = no
read only = no
writable = yes
#read only与writable设定重复，相悖时后设定者生效

[smb]

#[]内内容决定了共享文件夹名称，在稍后连接时路径要一致，如//service/smb

comment = Ubuntu Samba

path = /home/smb

#注意确认路径正确存在

browseable = no

#设定共享文件夹是否可以被发现，no时需通过地址访问

guest ok = no

read only = no

writable = yes

#read only与writable设定重复，相悖时后设定者生效

至此，conf文件设置完毕，接下来添加用户，samba支持三种登陆校验方式，在配置文件passdb backend中设置，分别为smbpasswd、tdbsam和ldapsam，具体区别可自行搜索，此处使用默认设置即tdbsam，samba用户必须为系统用户，所以首先添加系统用户
~~useradd vmuser~~
由于该用户存在泄漏风险，建议建立禁止登陆的用户

useradd –s /sbin/nologin vmuser

1	useradd –s /sbin/nologin vmuser

（已存在的用户可通过cat /etc/passwd设置禁止登陆）
建立后，请输入密码，注意此密码为Ubuntu系统登陆密码，并非Samba服务器登陆密码。
随后建立Samba用户

pdbedit -a vmuser

1	pdbedit -a vmuser

附上pdbedit常用命令

pdbedit -a username：新建Samba账户。
pdbedit -x username：删除Samba账户。
pdbedit -L：列出Samba用户列表，读取passdb.tdb数据库文件。
pdbedit -Lv：列出Samba用户列表的详细信息。
pdbedit -c “[D]” –u username：暂停该Samba用户的账号。
pdbedit -c “[]” –u username：恢复该Samba用户的账号。

pdbedit -a username：新建Samba账户。

pdbedit -x username：删除Samba账户。

pdbedit -L：列出Samba用户列表，读取passdb.tdb数据库文件。

pdbedit -Lv：列出Samba用户列表的详细信息。

pdbedit -c “[D]” –u username：暂停该Samba用户的账号。

pdbedit -c “[]” –u username：恢复该Samba用户的账号。

建立后，请输入密码，注意此密码为Samba服务器登陆密码。不应当与用户系统登陆密码相同。
还记得之前在[global]里设置的username map么,由于Samba用户必须存在系统用户的缘故，此处开启username map可避免系统用户名的泄露。
建立username map文件

vim /etc/samba/smbusers

1	vim /etc/samba/smbusers

添加用户名映射，格式：系统用户名 = 虚拟用户名

vmuser = smbuser

1	vmuser = smbuser

保存退出。至此Samba全部设置完成。

/etc/init.d/samba restart

1	/etc/init.d/samba restart

重启服务后，即可访问\\service\smb
注意登陆用户名为虚拟用户名，密码为pdbedit -a vmuser时输入的Samba登陆密码

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